Excitation Emission Spectra for the C2 radical in a C2H2/O2 flame - Swan,Deslandres-d´Azambuja, Mulliken and Freymark bands

Transitions: Swan bands: d ³P_g <--> a ³P_u (1,0), (2,1), (3,2), (4,3) bands (excitation wavelength: about 474,0 nm to 438,0 nm)

Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands: C ¹P_g <--> A ¹P_u (0,3), (1,4) bands (excitation wavelength: about 470 nm to 440 nm)

Mulliken bands: D ¹S_u⁺ <--> X ¹S_g⁺ (0,0), (1,1), (2,2) bands (excitation wavelength: about 233 nm to 229 nm)

Mulliken bands: D ¹S_u⁺ <--> X ¹S_g⁺ (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) bands (excitation wavelength: about 225 nm to 218 nm)

Freymark bands: E ¹S_g⁺ < --> A ¹P_u (0,3), (1,4), (2,5) bands (excitation wavelength: about 239 nm to 232 nm)

Freymark bands: E ¹S_g⁺ < --> A ¹P_u (0,2), (1,3), (2,4) bands (excitation wavelength: about 230 nm to 224 nm)

Freymark bands: E ¹S_g⁺ < --> A ¹P_u (0,1), (1,2), (2,3) bands (excitation wavelength: about 222 nm to 216 nm)

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EES, point of measurement:

center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: no UV excitation

VIS: 478,00 nm to 440,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

290 nm to 710 nm

EES, point of measurement:

off-center (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: no UV excitation

VIS: 478,00 nm to 440,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

290 nm to 710 nm

Single Image:

local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

UV: no UV excitation

VIS: 469,64 nm

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: VIS

C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

(Swan bands, starting at 474,0 nm)

C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

(438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm, 685 nm)

C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

(Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 469,7 nm)

C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

(360 nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

CN-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,2) and (1,3) excitation:

(starting at 460,6 nm (0,2) and 457,6 nm (1,3))

CN-LIF / B-X emissions:

(389 nm, 421 nm)

broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

(about 300 nm to 450 nm)

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: VIS

C2-LIF d-a

broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

(about 300 nm to 450 nm)

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,5 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 30 /

VIS pulse energy: about 27,3 to 26,8 mJ/pulse

Grating: 100 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 200 to 620 nm, part 1

EES, point of measurement:

center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 238,50 nm to 227,00 nm

VIS: 477,00 nm to 454,00 nm

(UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

200 nm to 620 nm

EES, point of measurement:

off-center (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 238,50 nm to 227,00 nm

VIS: 477,00 nm to 454,00 nm

(UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

200 nm to 620 nm

Single Image:

local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 229,50 nm

VIS: 459,00 nm

(UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV (+2nd order) and VIS

C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

(Swan bands, starting at 474,0 nm)

C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

(438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm)

C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

(Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 469,7 nm)

C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

(339 nm, 360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (0,0), (1,1) ... excitations:

(Mulliken bands, starting at about 233 nm)

C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

(231 nm)

further C2-emission from Mulliken band excitation:

(315 nm, 334 nm, 356 nm, 378 nm, 396 nm, 420 nm, 448 nm, 462 nm (2nd order))

C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

(Freymark bands, starting at about 240 nm)

C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

(238 nm, 230 nm)

C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,2), (1,3) ... excitations:

(Freymark bands, starting at about 229,7 nm)

C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

(230 nm, 222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

(about 250 nm to 450 nm)

CO-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,0) and (1,1) excitations:

(Hopfield-Birge bands, two-photon LIF:

at 230,1 nm (0,0) and 230,3 nm (1,1))

CN-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,2) and (1,3) excitation:

(starting at 460,6 nm (0,2) and 457,6 nm (1,3))

CN-LIF / B-X emissions:

(389 nm, 421 nm)

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV and VIS

NO-LIF A-X / from A-X (0,1) and (2,3) excitations

CO-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,0) and (1,1) excitations:

(Hopfield-Birge bands, two-photon LIF:

at 230,1 nm (0,0) and 230,3 nm (1,1))

CO-LIF / Angstrom band emissions:

(412 nm, 439 nm) from (1,1)

(451 nm, 483 nm, 520 nm, 561 nm, 609 nm) from (0,0)

Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,1 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: about 4,00 to 4,07 mJ/pulse

Grating: 100 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 190 to 605 nm, part 2

EES, point of measurement:

center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

VIS: 454,60 nm to 431,00 nm

(UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

190 nm to 605 nm

EES, point of measurement:

off-center (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

VIS: 454,60 nm to 431,00 nm

(UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

190 nm to 605 nm

Single Image:

local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 221,46 nm

VIS: 442,92 nm

(UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV (+2nd order) and VIS

C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

(Swan bands, starting at 474,0 nm)

C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (2,0), (3,1), (4,2) ... excitations:

(Swan bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

(438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm)

C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,2), (1,3) ... excitations:

(Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

(339 nm, 360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (1,0), (2,1) ... excitations:

(Mulliken bands, starting at about 225 nm)

C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

(222 nm, 231 nm)

C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,1), (1,2) ... excitations:

(Freymark bands, starting at about 221,8 nm)

C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

(222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

(about 250 nm to 450 nm)

NO-LIF A-X / from A-X (0,0) excitations (weak)

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV and VIS

NO-LIF A-X / from A-X (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2) excitations

hot O2-LIF (weak)

Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc:

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,1 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: about 4,07 to 2,40 mJ/pulse

EES, point of measurement:

center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 238,50 nm to 227,00 nm

VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

190 nm to 605 nm

EES, point of measurement:

off-center (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 238,50 nm to 227,00 nm

VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

190 nm to 605 nm

Single Image:

local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 231,80

VIS: no VIS excitation

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV (+2nd order)

C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

(438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm)

C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

(360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (0,0), (1,1) ... excitations:

(Mulliken bands, starting at about 233 nm)

C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

(231 nm)

further C2-emission from Mulliken band excitation:

(315 nm, 334 nm, 356 nm, 378 nm, 396 nm, 420 nm, 448 nm, 462 nm (2nd order))

C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

(Freymark bands, starting at about 240 nm)

C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

(238 nm, 230 nm)

C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,2), (1,3) ... excitations:

(Freymark bands, starting at about 229,7 nm)

C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

(230 nm, 222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

(about 250 nm to 450 nm)

CO-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,0) and (1,1) excitations:

(Hopfield-Birge bands, two-photon LIF:

at 230,1 nm (0,0) and 230,3 nm (1,1))

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV and VIS

NO-LIF A-X / from A-X (0,1) and (2,3) excitations

CO-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,0) and (1,1) excitations:

(Hopfield-Birge bands, two-photon LIF:

at 230,1 nm (0,0) and 230,3 nm (1,1))

CO-LIF / Angstrom band emissions:

(412 nm, 439 nm) from (1,1)

(451 nm, 483 nm, 520 nm, 561 nm, 609 nm) from (0,0)

Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc:

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,1 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: not measured

EES, point of measurement:

center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

190 nm to 605 nm

EES, point of measurement:

off-center (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

190 nm to605 nm

Single Image:

local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

UV: 221,60 nm

VIS: no VIS excitation

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV (+2nd order)

C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

(438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm)

C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

(339 nm, 360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (1,0), (2,1) ... excitations:

(Mulliken bands, starting at about 225 nm)

C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

(222 nm, 231 nm)

C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,1), (1,2) ... excitations:

(Freymark bands, starting at about 221,8 nm)

C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

(222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

(about 250 nm to 450 nm)

NO-LIF A-X / from A-X (0,0) excitations (weak)

Detected signals:

Rayleigh scattering: UV

NO-LIF A-X / from A-X (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2) excitations

hot O2-LIF (weak)

Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc:

Download MS Word file:

Download Davis file:

Download ASCII file:

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,1 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: about .. to 0,9 mJ/pulse