C2 Radical (C2) - LIF:

Transitions: Swan bands: d 3Pg <--> a 3Pu (1,0), (2,1), (3,2), (4,3) bands (excitation wavelength: about 474,0 nm to 438,0 nm)

             Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands: C 1Pg <--> A 1Pu (0,3), (1,4) bands (excitation wavelength: about 470 nm to 440 nm)

             Mulliken bands: D 1Su+ <--> X 1Sg+ (0,0), (1,1), (2,2) bands (excitation wavelength: about 233 nm to 229 nm)

             Mulliken bands: D 1Su+ <--> X 1Sg+ (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) bands (excitation wavelength: about 225 nm to 218 nm)

             Freymark bands: E 1Sg+ < --> A 1Pu (0,3), (1,4), (2,5)  bands (excitation wavelength: about 239 nm to 232 nm)

             Freymark bands: E 1Sg+ < --> A 1Pu (0,2), (1,3), (2,4)  bands (excitation wavelength: about 230 nm to 224 nm)

             Freymark bands: E 1Sg+ < --> A 1Pu (0,1), (1,2), (2,3)  bands (excitation wavelength: about 222 nm to 216 nm)

Appearance of the C2 transitions: Swan bands: Degraded to the violet

                                    Deslandres- d'Azambuja bands: Degraded to the violet

                                    Mulliken bands: ?

                                    Freymark bands: Degraded to the violet

Excitation wavelength: 476,0 to 440,0 nm (VIS) and 238,0 to 220,0 nm (UV)

Flame/Burner: acetylene/oxygen (C2H2/O2) flame of a welding torch

Grating of the spectrograph: 1200 l/mm

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Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 330 to 365 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   330 nm to 365 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 459,76 nm

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (1,4), (2,5) ... excitations:

      (Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 464,5 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (339 nm, 360 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (emission wavelength: about 300 nm to 450 nm )

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame)

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 27,1 to 29,0 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 365 to 400 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   365 nm to 400 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 469,64 nm

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

      (Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 469,7 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (385 nm)

   CN-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,2) and (1,3) excitations:

      (starting at 460,5 nm (0,2) and  457,5 nm (1,3))

   CN-LIF / B-X emissions:

      (389 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (emission wavelength: about 300 nm to 450 nm)

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame) 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 23,5 to 26,0 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 400 to 435 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   400 nm to 435 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 469,64 nm

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 471,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (starting at 438 nm)

   C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

      (Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 469,7 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (starting at: 410 nm, 438 nm)

   CN-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,2) and (1,3) excitations:

      (starting at 460,5 nm (0,2) and  457,5 nm (1,3))

   CN-LIF / B-X emissions:

      (421 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (emission wavelength: about 300 nm to 450 nm)

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame)

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 24,2 to 26,0 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 420 to 455 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   420 nm to 455 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 467,80 nm

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: VIS (bottom right)

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 471,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (starting at 438 nm)

   C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

      (Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 469,7 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (starting at 438 nm) (superposition with C2-LIF Swan band)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (emission wavelength: about 300 nm to 450 nm)

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame) 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0  / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 27,0 to 28,6 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 455 to 490 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   455 nm to 490 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 471,36 nm

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: VIS

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 473,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (starting at 474 nm (1,0) band)

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame)

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 27,0 to 28,6 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 490 to 525 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   490 nm to 525 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 471,48 nm

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 473,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (starting at 516 nm (0,0) band)

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame)

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 26,0 to 27,6 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 525 to 560 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   525 nm to 560 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 471,44 nm

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 473,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (starting at 558 nm (1,2) band)

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame) 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 27,0 to 29,2 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 595 to 630 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 476,00 nm to 452,00 nm

Emission wavelength:

   595 nm to 630 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 471,44 nm

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 473,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (starting at 612 nm (1,3) band)

   (no signals detected in the off-center range of the flame)

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,0 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 26,7 to 28,5 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 195 to 230 nm, part 1

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 237,25 nm to 232,75 nm

   VIS: 474,50 nm to 465,50 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   195 nm to 230 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 237,25 nm to 232,75 nm

   VIS: 474,50 nm to 465,50 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   195 nm to 230 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 236,87 nm

   VIS: 473,74 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 239 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,1) excitation:

      (starting at 236,9 nm (0,1))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 227 nm)

Detected signals:

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,1) excitation:

      (starting at 236,9 nm (0,1))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 227 nm, 215 nm)

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,5 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 3,9  to 3,4 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 195 to 230 nm, part 2

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 227,00 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: 454,00 nm to 431,00 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   195 nm to 230 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 227,00 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: 454,00 nm to 431,00 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   195 nm to 230 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 220,98 nm

   VIS: 441,96 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

  Rayleigh scattering: UV

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (1,0), (2,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 225 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (starting at about 222 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,2), (1,3) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 229,7 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (starting at: 222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,1), (1,2) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 221,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (starting at: 222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0) and (1,1) excitation (weak):

      (starting at 226,8 nm (0,0) and 224,4 nm (1,1))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 227 nm, 215 nm)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0), (1,1), (2,2)...  excitations:

      (starting at 226,8 nm (0,0), 224,4 nm (1,1), 222,2 nm (2,2))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 227 nm, 215 nm, 205 nm)

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,3 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about ...  to 2,6 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 230 to 265 nm, part 1

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 237,25 nm to 232,75 nm

   VIS: 474,50 nm to 465,50 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   230 nm to 265 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 237,25 nm to 232,75 nm

   VIS: 474,50 nm to 465,50 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

  230 nm to 265 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 232,80 nm

   VIS: 475,60 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (0,0), (1,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 237 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (231 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,3), (1,4) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 239 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (starting at 230 nm)

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,1) excitation:

      (starting at 236,9 nm (0,1))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 260 nm, 248 nm, 237 nm)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,1) excitation:

      (starting at 236,9 nm (0,1))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 260 nm, 248 nm, 237 nm)

   hot O2-LIF

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,5 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: not measured

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 230 to 265 nm, part 2

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 227,00 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: 454,00 nm to 431,00 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   230 nm to 265 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 227,00 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: 454,00 nm to 431,00 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   230 nm to 265 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 222,28 nm

   VIS: 444,56 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (1,0), (2,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 225 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (231 nm)

  C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (2,0), (3,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 217 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (231 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,1), (1,2) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 221,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (starting at 230 nm)

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0) excitation:

      (starting at 226,8 nm (0,0))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 259 nm, 248 nm, 237 nm)

Detected signals:

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0), (1,1) excitations:

      (starting at 226,8 nm (0,0))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 259 nm, 248 nm, 237 nm)

   hot O2-LIF (weak)

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,3 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about 3,11  to 3,42 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 1200 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 215 to 250 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 233,00 nm to 229,50 nm

Emission wavelength:

   215 nm to 250 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 233,00 nm to 229,50 nm

Emission wavelength:

    215 nm to 250 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 230,48 nm

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (0,0), (1,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 233 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (242 nm, 231 nm)

   CO-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,0) and (1,1) excitations:

      (Hopfield-Birge bands, two-photon LIF:

       at 230,1 nm (0,0) and 230,3 nm (1,1))

   CO-LIF emissions:

      (243 nm, 218 nm)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,1) excitation:

      (starting at 236,8 nm (0,1))

   NO-LIF A-X emissions:

      (starting at: 248 nm, 237 nm, 227 nm)

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,9 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

VIS pulse energy: about ... to 4,2  mJ/pulse

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