C2 Radical (C2) - LIF:

Transitions: Swan bands: d 3Pg <--> a 3Pu (2,0), (3,1), (4,2) bands (excitation wavelength: about 438,0 nm to 408,0 nm)

             Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands: C 1Pg <--> A 1Pu (0,2), (1,3) bands (excitation wavelength: about 438 nm to 410 nm)

             Mulliken bands: D 1Su+ <--> X 1Sg+ (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) bands (excitation wavelength: about 225 nm to 218 nm)

             Mulliken bands: D 1Su+ <--> X 1Sg+ (2,0), (3,1), (4,2) bands (excitation wavelength: about 217 nm to 212 nm)

             Freymark bands: E 1Sg+ < --> A 1Pu (0,1), (1,2), (2,3)  bands (excitation wavelength: about 224 nm to 216 nm)

             Freymark bands: E 1Sg+ < --> A 1Pu (0,0), (1,1), (2,2)  bands (excitation wavelength: about 214 nm to 210 nm)

Appearance of the C2 transitions: Swan bands: Degraded to the violet

                                    Deslandres- d'Azambuja bands: Degraded to the violet

                                    Mulliken bands: ?

                                    Freymark bands: Degraded to the violet

Excitation wavelength: 450,0 to 419,2 nm (VIS) and 225,0 to 209,6 nm (UV)

Flame/Burner: acetylene/oxygen (C2H2/O2) flame of a welding torch

Grating of the spectrograph: 100 l/mm

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Grating: 100 lines/mm, only VIS excitation, Emissions: 290 to 710 nm

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  no UV excitation

   VIS: 442,00 nm to 419,24 nm

Emission wavelength:

   290 nm to 710 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 442,00 nm to 419,24 nm

Emission wavelength:

   290 nm to710 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: no UV excitation

   VIS: 437,24 nm

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: VIS

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (2,0), (3,1), (4,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm, 685 nm)

    C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,2), (1,3) ... excitations:

      (Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (339 nm, 360 nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

   CN-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,1) and (1,2) excitation:

      (starting at 421,6 nm (0,1) and  419,9 nm (1,2))

   CN-LIF / B-X emissions:

      (359 nm, 388 nm, 421 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (about 300 nm to 450 nm)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: VIS

   C2-LIF d-a

   CN-LIF B-X

   no others

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,5 / entrance slit: 50 mm / sum of pulses: 30 /

VIS pulse energy: about 26,8 to 22,0 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 100 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 190 to 605 nm, part 1

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: 454,60 nm to 431,00 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   190 nm to 605 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: 454,60 nm to 431,00 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

  190 nm to 605 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 221,46 nm

   VIS: 442,92 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV (+2nd order) and VIS

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 474,0 nm)

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (2,0), (3,1), (4,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm)

    C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,2), (1,3) ... excitations:

      (Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (339 nm, 360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (1,0), (2,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 225 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (222 nm, 231 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,1), (1,2) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 221,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (about 250 nm to 450 nm)

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0) excitations (weak)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV and VIS

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2) excitations

   hot O2-LIF (weak)

   Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,1 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: about 4,07 to 2,40 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 100 lines/mm, UV and VIS excitation, Emissions: 190 to 605 nm, part 2

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 215,70 nm to 209,72 nm

   VIS: 431,40 nm to 420,44 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   190 nm to 605 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

  UV: 215,70 nm to 209,72 nm

   VIS: 431,40 nm to 420,44 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Emission wavelength:

   190 nm to 605 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 214,14 nm

   VIS: 428,28 nm

   (UV and VIS simultaneously)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   C2-LIF d-a / from d-a (2,0), (3,1), (4,2) ... excitations:

      (Swan bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm)

    C2-LIF C-A / from C-A (0,2), (1,3) ... excitations:

      (Deslandres-d'Azambuja bands, starting at 438,0 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (339 nm, 360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (2,0), (3,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 217 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (231 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,0), (1,1) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 214,3 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

   CN-LIF B-X / from B-X (0,1) and (1,2) excitation:

      (starting at 421,6 nm (0,1) and  419,9 nm (1,2))

   CN-LIF / B-X emissions:

      (359 nm, 388 nm, 421 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (about 250 nm to 450 nm)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV and VIS

   NO-LIF A-X / from A-X (1,0) and (2,1) excitations 

   Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,3 / entrance slit: 100 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: about 3,2 to 1,3 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 100 lines/mm, only UV excitation, Emissions: 190 to 605 nm, part 1

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

   190 nm to 605 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  227,30 nm to 215,50 nm

   VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

   190 nm to605 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 221,60

   VIS: no VIS excitation

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV (+2nd order)

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (339 nm, 360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (1,0), (2,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 225 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      (222 nm, 231 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,1), (1,2) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 221,8 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (about 250 nm to 450 nm)

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0) excitations (weak)

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   NO-LIF A-X / from  A-X (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2) excitations

   hot O2-LIF (weak)

   Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 7,1 / entrance slit: 80 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: about .. to 0,9 mJ/pulse

   

Grating: 100 lines/mm, only UV excitation, Emissions: 190 to 605 nm, part 2

EES, point of measurement:

   center (inner cone of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  215,70 nm to 209,72 nm

   VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

   190 nm to 605 nm

EES, point of measurement:

    off-center  (outer range of the flame)

Excitation wavelength:

   UV:  215,70 nm to 209,72 nm

   VIS: no VIS excitation

Emission wavelength:

   190 nm to605 nm

Single Image:

   local distribution of signals inside the flame

Excitation wavelength:

   UV: 214,14 nm

   VIS: no VIS excitation

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   C2-LIF / Swan band emissions:

      (438 nm, 473 nm, 516 nm, 563 nm, 619 nm)

   C2-LIF / Deslandres d'Azambuja band emissions:

      (360nm, 385 nm, 410 nm, 438 nm)

   C2-LIF D-X / from D-X (2,0), (3,1) ... excitations:

      (Mulliken bands, starting at about 217 nm)

   C2-LIF / Mulliken band emissions:

      ( 231 nm)

   C2-LIF E-A / from E-A (0,0), (1,1) ... excitations:

      (Freymark bands, starting at about 214,3 nm)

   C2-LIF / Freymark band emissions:

      (222 nm, 214 nm, 207 nm)

   broadband fluorescence of hydrocarbon species:

      (about 250 nm to 450 nm)

   NO-LIF A-X /from A-X (1,0) excitation

Detected signals:

   Rayleigh scattering: UV

   NO-LIF A-X /from A-X (1,0), (2,1) and (3,2) excitations

   Rayleigh and NO-LIF in 2nd order

Download common measurement report for detailed informations about flame, laser beam position, pulse energy, ICCD gain, etc: 

Download MS Word file:

Download Davis file:

Download ASCII file:

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CCD dynamic: 12 bit / ICCD gain: 9,8 / entrance slit: 100 mm / sum of pulses: 50 /

UV pulse energy: about 0,9 to 0,5 mJ/pulse

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